The 1993 IS 4326: Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings, adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, outlines essential guidelines for constructing buildings to withstand seismic activities. This standard is particularly relevant for regions in India known for seismic instability, such as the Himalayan-Naga Lushai region, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and parts of Western India and Kutch.
The document emphasizes the necessity of integrating earthquake-resistant features into buildings due to the high risk of earthquakes in these areas. It builds on the principles established in the IS 1893: 1984 criteria for earthquake-resistant structures, focusing specifically on the architectural and structural design considerations that contribute to building resilience against seismic forces.
Significant changes in this revision include the exclusion of low strength brickwork and stone masonry into separate standards, detailing for reinforced concrete to enhance ductility, and the introduction of building categories based on seismic coefficients and soil-foundation factors. The code specifies design requirements such as the positioning and sizing of openings in bearing walls to minimize structural vulnerabilities.
The standard provides detailed recommendations for the use of materials, structural continuity, and connections to ensure that the buildings behave uniformly during earthquakes. It also covers the structural integration of different building components, including considerations for new constructions and modifications to existing structures.
By adhering to these guidelines, buildings are expected to offer better safety during seismic events, ensuring the protection of lives and property. The code is a crucial resource for engineers, architects, and builders engaged in constructing earthquake-resistant buildings across India, particularly in regions with a high frequency of seismic activity.
